The Post-Quantum World

What if the timelines for world-changing quantum computing aren’t dictated only by hardware manufacturers, but also by the sheer power of a better idea? In this episode, host Konstantinos Karagiannis sits down with Toby Cubitt, the co-founder and CTO of Phasecraft, to explore how clever mathematics and algorithmic breakthroughs are slashing the requirements for quantum advantage by orders of magnitude. Toby shares how his team has already knocked factors of one million off the gate counts for critical simulations, effectively buying a decade of hardware development through pure software innovation. Q-Day and the shifting goalposts of breaking RSA encryption ar...

How do you go from a quantum computing research paper to a circuit you can run on a real machine? Can AI help bridge the gap between complex mathematical theory and functional quantum code? In this episode, Vincent van Wingerden, Director of Strategic Partnerships at Classiq, joins host Konstantinos Karagiannis to discuss the dawn of quantum vibe coding. While traditional quantum programming often requires tedious manual manipulation of gates and hardware-specific constraints, Classiq’s platform introduces a high-level abstraction that allows users to focus on intent rather than implementation. Vincent explains how their AI-driven assistant, powered by Claude, can ingest an...

What if you could crunch numbers on a dataset without ever actually seeing the sensitive information inside? Dr. Kurt Rohloff, co-founder and CTO of Duality Technologies, joins host Konstantinos Karagiannis to explain the wild capabilities of Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE), which allows for computation on data while it remains fully encrypted. Because FHE is built on lattice-based cryptography, it offers robust post-quantum security properties right out of the box. Learn how this technology provides end-to-end protection not just for data at rest or in motion, but for data in use. FHE effectively turns the cloud into a secure processing powerhouse...

In this landmark five-year special episode, host Konstantinos Karagiannis welcomes Addie LaMarr, a YouTuber and former cryptographer with eight years of experience in the Air Force and a history of writing cybersecurity policy for the Department of Justice. LaMarr identifies 2026 as the “beginning of quantum seriousness,” a year where global regulations are forcing a transition to protect critical data longevity from a growing tsunami of threats. Drawing from her military background, she emphasizes that cryptography is often a matter of life and death, sharing a sobering example of “Identify Friend or Foe” systems where a single cryptographic error can cause an aircr...

Zapata’s back! A tough stretch including a difficult SPAC deal, a brief move into AI, and a $20 million debt forced the company to shut down in 2024. But in this episode, Sumit Kapur, CEO of Zapata Quantum, talks with host Konstantinos Karagiannis about how the company made a remarkable comeback. They discuss the intense restructuring, the strong support from the quantum computing industry, and how Zapata’s seven years of intellectual property proved too valuable to give up.The conversation goes into the prospects of quantum utility, focusing on Quantum Intermediate Representation (QIR)—a universal translator that abstracts the immens...

The groundbreaking Pinnacle Architecture paper has sent shockwaves through the quantum computing industry by demonstrating that RSA-2048 encryption could potentially be cracked with just 100,000 physical qubits. This is a massive order-of-magnitude reduction from previous estimates that once reached into the millions. Join host Konstantinos Karagiannis as he sits down with Felix Thomsen and Paul Webster from Iceberg Quantum as they explain the techniques in the paper and its serious potential ramifications. By leveraging high-efficiency LDPC codes and a novel modular architecture, the team explains how they’ve bridged the gap between theoretical quantum error correction and practical hardware implementation, effectively accelerating the...

A one-shot signature is a new quantum computing tool that lets people verify information publicly using a quantum signing key that destroys itself after use. This “proof of destruction” makes sure the key can only be used once, which could lead to cryptographic solutions that classical math could not achieve. Host Konstantinos Karagiannis talks with Omri Shmueli, a cryptographer and postdoctoral research fellow at NTT Research, about how one-shot signatures might change digital finance and secure communication. Shmueli shares how this technology could make decentralized cryptocurrency possible without a blockchain or help solve the big scalability problems of current blockchains by letting...

Explore the high-stakes world of quantum venture capital. Host Konstantinos Karagiannis sits down with Kike Miralles, Investment Director at Intel Capital. Moving beyond surface-level hype, Miralles introduces his “five-layer stack” philosophy — a strategic framework that evaluates everything from physical infrastructure and QPUs to middleware and end-user applications. He shares candid insights into why Intel Capital favors Series A and B rounds, how his background in physics helps him spot “miracles” required for a startup to succeed, and why he believes the quantum computing industry shifted gears so aggressively toward error correction and logical qubits in 2025.   It’s a masterclass in “rev...

The “Constellation Platform” is revolutionizing the path to fault-tolerant quantum computing. Rather than relying on traditional state vector simulations that hit a wall at 50 qubits, this platform from Quantum Elements uses a breakthrough method, stochastic compression, to create realistic digital twins of quantum hardware at scale. This approach allows developers to simulate the complex time evolution of a system, including specific noise models such as crosstalk and decoherence, without the high cost of running thousands of shots on physical QPUs.   Host Konstantinos Karagiannis sits down with Izhar Medalsy, co-founder and CEO of Quantum Elements, to also explore the cutting-edge interse...

Let’s look to 2026 and recap a pivotal 2025 with Paul Terry, CEO of Photonic. Explore why the industry has officially moved past the era of noisy qubits into the race for fault-tolerant, "gold-standard" logical qubits. Paul joins host Konstantinos Karagiannis to break down Photonic’s selection for DARPA’s Quantum Benchmarking Initiative Stage B and explains how their unique distributed architecture — which uses telecom-grade photons to entangle qubits across networks — allows them to bypass the scaling limitations of monolithic chips. He also details the game-changing shift to LDPC error correction codes, which is drastically reducing the physical resources needed to achieve utility-sc...

Traffic congestion isn't just a daily annoyance; it’s a multi-billion dollar drain on the global economy. In this episode, we explore a concrete, real-world application of quantum computing that aims to solve this problem today. Tal David, Co-founder and CEO of Quantum Art, joins host Konstantinos Karagiannis to discuss the company’s major new partnership with Ayalon Highways in Israel. Tal breaks down how they are moving beyond theoretical simulations to use quantum algorithms for synchronizing traffic lights and managing flow in metropolitan areas, potentially reducing commute times and optimizing city planning in ways classical computers simply can't handle. ...

We cover post-quantum cryptography (PQC) regularly on this show, focusing on the new math-based ciphers that will secure the Internet as quantum computing becomes more powerful. But what about physics-based encryption or quantum key distribution (QKD)? Is that still a thing? We examine how exploiting the laws of quantum physics can securely exchange encryption keys over a fiber and explore the benefits of the newer continuous-variable QKD. CVQKD leverages off-the-shelf telecom components for affordability, integrates with existing data networks, achieves higher key-generation rates, and reaches distances of up to 100 kilometers without requiring dark fibers. Real-world demos include securely linking hospitals...

The word “foundry” might make you think of large machines pouring metal into molds, but Argonne National Labs has a Quantum Foundry that implants individual atoms, like silicon, into materials such as diamond. The resulting spin qubits are optically active and can use photons to communicate. We can expect spin qubits to help interconnect systems, which could help us achieve distributed quantum computing, but they also could be used for everything from room-temperature biological sensors to durable, space-based dark matter detectors. Join host Konstantinos Karagiannis for a cosmic chat with Benjamin Pingault from Argonne National Laboratory.    For more informat...

How are recent quantum computing breakthroughs reshaping business, competition, and society itself? What global challenges might quantum and AI either help with or introduce? We’re trying something a little different and asking a futurist and bestselling author of The Quantum Economy to weigh in on how our increasing qubit counts might all play out in a few years. Join host Konstantinos Karagiannis for a wide-ranging, philosophical chat with Anders Indset, and get ready to hear about simulation theory towards the end.   For more information on Anders Indset and his books, visit https://andersindset.com/.   Visit Pr...

You’ve likely heard of Pareto’s Principle or the 80/20 rule. Is there a way to achieve most of the benefits of crypto-agility with minimal effort? Palo Alto Networks has undoubtedly made its mark with firewalls and security detection and response offerings. We learn how they can also provide a rapid head start to PQC migration, covering everything from cryptographic inventory to creating wrappers for legacy app communications that need to remain secure against quantum computing threats. Even the latest version of their PAN-OS is PQC enabled. And you won’t believe what they’re seeing in network traffic: PQC used to...

Can you put a quantum computer in a satellite, car, or even laptop? It’s possible with diamond-based quantum technologies that work at room temperature. Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center qubits challenge the notion that quantum computing is confined to massive data centers. Such mass-deployable quantum computers and sensors can be used in medical diagnostics, satellite imaging, and anywhere local inference is useful. Join host Konstantinos Karagiannis for a wide-ranging chat with Marcus Doherty from Quantum Brilliance and learn how soon we’ll have 64 mobile qubits!  For more information on Quantum Brilliance, visit https://quantumbrilliance.com/.   Visit Protiviti at www.proti...

For the first time, Shor’s Algorithm is running on logical qubits! The team at Infleqtion used their Sqale neutral atom processor to accomplish the feat. While the setup only uses six logical qubits, and we’re still in the range of factoring 15 or 21, this is both a proof of concept and a proof of the need for post-quantum cryptography (PQC). We discuss the aggressive 2.5:1 physical-to-logical ratio of Sqale, which could lead to hundreds of logical qubits by 2028. Also, find out why Shor’s Algorithm could surprisingly end up being one of the first killer apps for quantum computing, rather than a...

Imagine a world where quantum computers seamlessly share entangled particles across data centers, solving problems beyond the reach of classical systems. This may be possible soon thanks to a groundbreaking quantum networking entanglement chip capable of generating 200 million entangled photon pairs per second at room temperature. Cisco is redefining networking again, doing everything from detecting eavesdroppers on classical networks to laying the foundation for a quantum internet … and potentially scaling quantum computing. Join host Konstantinos Karagiannis for a wide-ranging chat with Reza Nejabati and Ramana Kompella from Cisco. For more information on Cisco’s quantum research, visit https://research.cisco...

DigiCert is widely recognized for its expertise in PKI and as a TLS certificate authority. As you can imagine, they have a significant perspective on the quantum computing threat to encryption and the migration to post-quantum cryptography (PQC). We cover everything from the challenges of upgrading IoT devices to ML-DSA signature sizes, as well as the new DigiCert One platform the company offers to help manage the migration process. In the middle of this episode, you’ll even get a clear summary of what a successful rollout to PQC looks like. Join host Konstantinos Karagiannis for a wide-ranging chat on ac...

IonQ is poised to redefine the quantum computing landscape, projecting a staggering 80,000 logical qubits by 2030—potentially unlocking the power to crack encryption. NIST has us on a timeline to upgrade to post-quantum cryptography (PQC) by 2035, so this 5-year gap may spell doom for cybersecurity. Of course, these machines will also revolutionize industries from finance to drug discovery to AI. How is IonQ boosting their roadmap by orders of magnitude? Learn about their cutting-edge acquisitions and bold vision for scalable, error-corrected systems in this wide-ranging chat between host Konstantinos Karagiannis and IonQ SVP Dean Kassmann.For more information on IonQ, vi...